Ubuntu磁盘挂载以及自动重启挂载配置
Mar 20, 2023 · 10 min · Ubuntu
Ubuntu磁盘挂载以及自动重启挂载配置
当我们服务器SSD存储达到上限，需要对现有机器进行扩容。
首先我们要知道，文件系统大概分2中，即：xfs 和 ext4，centos/redhat 7 默认将文件系统设置为xfs。高并发压力下 xfs 的性能比 ext4 高 5-10% 左右。对应的io利用率 xfs 明显比ext4低。所以xfs是当前的最佳选择。
将实例存储卷添加到实例
当我们得到一张卷(Volume)时，需要将其添加到EC2实例，之后需要连接到 Linux 实例，进行安装：
1.用 df -h 命令查看已格式化并挂载的卷
root@ip-172-31-62-192:/# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 39G 4.4G 35G 12% /
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 788M 864K 787M 1% /run
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop1 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2128
/dev/loop2 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2253
/dev/loop0 25M 25M 0 100% /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/4046
/dev/loop3 62M 62M 0 100% /snap/core20/1270
/dev/loop4 68M 68M 0 100% /snap/lxd/21835
/dev/loop7 62M 62M 0 100% /snap/core20/1169
/dev/loop5 68M 68M 0 100% /snap/lxd/21545
/dev/loop6 44M 44M 0 100% /snap/snapd/14295
/dev/loop8 33M 33M 0 100% /snap/snapd/13640
tmpfs 788M 0 788M 0% /run/user/0
2.使用 lsblk 查看在启动时已映射但未格式化和装载的所有卷
root@ip-172-31-62-192:/# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 25M 1 loop /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/4046
loop1 7:1 0 55.4M 1 loop /snap/core18/2128
loop2 7:2 0 55.5M 1 loop /snap/core18/2253
loop3 7:3 0 61.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/1270
loop4 7:4 0 67.2M 1 loop /snap/lxd/21835
loop5 7:5 0 67.3M 1 loop /snap/lxd/21545
loop6 7:6 0 43.3M 1 loop /snap/snapd/14295
loop7 7:7 0 61.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/1169
loop8 7:8 0 32.5M 1 loop /snap/snapd/13640
nvme1n1 259:0 0 100G 0 disk
nvme0n1 259:1 0 40G 0 disk
└─nvme0n1p1 259:2 0 40G 0 part /
3.使用 mkfs 命令在设备上创建文件系统
sudo mkfs -t xfs /dev/nvme1n1
4.使用 mkdir 命令创建要将设备挂载到的目录
sudo mkdir /data
5.使用 mount 命令在新建目录上挂载设备
sudo mount /dev/nvme1n1 /data
6.查看挂载结果
sudo lsblk -f 或 df -h
重启后自动挂载附加的卷
1.（可选）创建 /etc/fstab 文件的备份，以便在编辑时误损坏或删除此文件时使用。
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.orig
2.使用 blkid 命令查找设备的 UUID。/dev/nvme1n1是我们要操作的卷，记下 UUID，在下一步中您将需要用到它。
root@ip-172-31-62-192:/# blkid
/dev/nvme1n1: UUID="c9c99018-1fcb-4f95-a991-4039fa738b8c" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/nvme0n1p1: LABEL="cloudimg-rootfs" UUID="2a29f520-1100-4824-b5d9-d841f1267838" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="3fa6b62f-01"
3.编辑fstab文件
sudo vim /etc/fstab
我们将 UUID 为 c9c99018-1fcb-4f95-a991-4039fa738b8c 的设备挂载到挂载点 /revoloiot，然后我们使用 xfs 文件系统。我们还使用 defaults 和 nofail 标志。我们指定 0 以防止文件系统被转储，并且我们指定 2 以指示它是非根设备。
LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs / ext4 defaults,discard 0 1
# 根据uuid挂载
UUID=c9c99018-1fcb-4f95-a991-4039fa738b8c /data xfs defaults 0 1
# 根据路径挂载(推荐)
/dev/sdb /data xfs defaults 0 1
UUID和文件类型必须与第2步中一致，否则将失败
4.检查是否生效
sudo mount -a
🍺 如果未产生错误，则说明 /etc/fstab 文件正常，您的文件系统会在重启后自动挂载。
ubuntu 如何将Amazon EBS(作为根目录装载)的大小调整
ubuntu 磁盘扩容与liunx有所区别，同时，需要注意磁盘分区格式的不同，命令有细微差异。
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 55.6M 1 loop /snap/core18/2679
loop1 7:1 0 116.7M 1 loop /snap/core/14447
loop2 7:2 0 25.1M 1 loop /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/5656
loop3 7:3 0 116.7M 1 loop /snap/core/14399
loop4 7:4 0 55.6M 1 loop /snap/core18/2667
loop5 7:5 0 24.4M 1 loop /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/6312
nvme0n1 259:0 0 3T 0 disk
└─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 2T 0 part /
$ df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 780K 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/nvme0n1p1 ext4 2.0T 1.9T 43G 98% /
tmpfs tmpfs 7.7G 64K 7.7G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 squashfs 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2679
/dev/loop1 squashfs 117M 117M 0 100% /snap/core/14447
/dev/loop2 squashfs 26M 26M 0 100% /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/5656
/dev/loop3 squashfs 117M 117M 0 100% /snap/core/14399
/dev/loop5 squashfs 25M 25M 0 100% /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/6312
/dev/loop4 squashfs 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2667
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/1000
$ sudo gdisk /dev/nvme1n1
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3
Partition table scan:
MBR: MBR only
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: not present
***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by
typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions
to GPT format!
***************************************************************
Command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/nvme1n1.
Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you
run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
The operation has completed successfully.
$ sudo gdisk /dev/nvme1n1
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Command (? for help): q
$ sudo parted /dev/nvme1n1
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/nvme1n1
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print
Model: Amazon Elastic Block Store (nvme)
Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 3221GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 2199GB 2199GB ext4 Linux filesystem
(parted) resizepart
Partition number? 1
Warning: Partition /dev/nvme0n1p1 is being used. Are you sure you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
End? [2199GB]? 3000GB
(parted) print
Model: Amazon Elastic Block Store (nvme)
Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 3221GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 3000GB 3000GB ext4 Linux filesystem
(parted) q
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
$ blkid
/dev/nvme1n1: LABEL="cloudimg-rootfs" UUID="90e1dfca-b055-4f93-b62e-6347bcb451a7" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="f7355124-01"
$ cat /etc/fstab
LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs / ext4 defaults,discard 0 0
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 55.6M 1 loop /snap/core18/2679
loop1 7:1 0 116.7M 1 loop /snap/core/14447
loop2 7:2 0 25.1M 1 loop /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/5656
loop3 7:3 0 116.7M 1 loop /snap/core/14399
loop4 7:4 0 55.6M 1 loop /snap/core18/2667
loop5 7:5 0 24.4M 1 loop /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/6312
nvme0n1 259:0 0 3T 0 disk
└─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 2.7T 0 part /
$ df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 780K 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/nvme0n1p1 ext4 2.0T 1.9T 43G 98% /
tmpfs tmpfs 7.7G 64K 7.7G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 squashfs 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2679
/dev/loop1 squashfs 117M 117M 0 100% /snap/core/14447
/dev/loop2 squashfs 26M 26M 0 100% /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/5656
/dev/loop3 squashfs 117M 117M 0 100% /snap/core/14399
/dev/loop5 squashfs 25M 25M 0 100% /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/6312
/dev/loop4 squashfs 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2667
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/1000
#$ sudo resize2fs /dev/nvme1n1
resize2fs 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Filesystem at /dev/nvme0n1p1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 256, new_desc_blocks = 350
The filesystem on /dev/nvme0n1p1 is now 732421619 (4k) blocks long.
$ df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 780K 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/nvme0n1p1 ext4 2.0T 1.9T 43G 98% /
tmpfs tmpfs 7.7G 64K 7.7G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 squashfs 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2679
/dev/loop1 squashfs 117M 117M 0 100% /snap/core/14447
/dev/loop2 squashfs 26M 26M 0 100% /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/5656
/dev/loop3 squashfs 117M 117M 0 100% /snap/core/14399
/dev/loop5 squashfs 25M 25M 0 100% /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/6312
/dev/loop4 squashfs 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2667
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/1000
## resize2fs 命令 ：针对的是ext2、ext3、ext4文件系统
## xfs_growfs 命令 ：针对的是xfs文件系统
$ sudo xfs_growfs /dev/nvme1n1
resize2fs 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Filesystem at /dev/nvme0n1p1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 256, new_desc_blocks = 350
The filesystem on /dev/nvme0n1p1 is now 732421619 (4k) blocks long.
$ df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 780K 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/nvme0n1p1 ext4 2.7T 1.9T 767G 72% /
tmpfs tmpfs 7.7G 64K 7.7G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 squashfs 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2679
/dev/loop1 squashfs 117M 117M 0 100% /snap/core/14447
/dev/loop2 squashfs 26M 26M 0 100% /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/5656
/dev/loop3 squashfs 117M 117M 0 100% /snap/core/14399
/dev/loop5 squashfs 25M 25M 0 100% /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/6312
/dev/loop4 squashfs 56M 56M 0 100% /snap/core18/2667
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/1000
ubuntu默认磁盘空间未全部占用
# 查看未分配磁盘空间
vgdisplay
# 将剩余的全部空间给根目录
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
# 应用生效
resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
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